Consistency and change between 1984 and the last reinterview (either
two, four, or six years later) on 22 individual functional status markers
and the five summary scales that they form are examined among the 5,986
members of the Longitudinal Study on Aging who were reinterviewed at least
once. At baseline, at least three-fifths of the respondents are without
limitations on any individual marker. At the last reinterview, at least
43.4% of the respondents are without such limitations. Among those who
had limitations at baseline, at least one-fifth get better. For those without
limitations at baseline, one-seventeenth to two-fifths get worse. Difficulties
in walking and doing heavy housework were the most common, most likely
to develop, and least likely to resolve of any of the ADL or IADL items,
and lower body limitations were more common, more likely to develop, and
less likely to resolve than upper body limitations. Linear panel analysis
of the five summary scales indicates that the top predictors of increased
functional limitation are baseline levels of functional limitation, older
age, decedent status, and poorer perceived health (in that order). Other
less consistent and less robust predictors include the length of the exposure
window, being female, having a history of arthritis, lower educational
attainment, having fewer nonkin social supports, higher prior physician
visit levels, and not living alone.